ACSTM

Arivazhagan’s Coiled Space-Time Model (ACSTM): A New Hypothesis on Cosmic Structure, Black Holes, and Wormholes 

Dr. Arivazhagan, Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract: 

This article introduces the Coiled Space-Time Model (ACSTM), a new geometric hypothesis that attempts to explain the cyclic flow of space-time through black holes and white holes. Inspired by cosmological theories from Stephen Hawking and others, ACSTM proposes that the universe originated from quantum fluctuations within "nothingness", which then formed an initial cosmic loop. This loop unfurled into a continuously coiling manifold akin to two interwoven snail shells, where space-time moves in a spiraling path governed by entropy, repelling forces, and differential time flow. We explore conceptual implications, entropy dynamics, wormholes, and a speculative mathematical framework involving coiled manifolds, tensor calculus, and higher-dimensional embeddings.

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1. Introduction

Stephen Hawking proposed that the universe could arise from "nothing" due to quantum fluctuations. In this spirit, the Coiled Space-Time Model (ACSTM) accepts this origin hypothesis but builds upon it by suggesting that the initial quantum instability gave rise to a 'first cosmic loop'—a dynamic structure whose evolution laid the foundation for the space-time fabric we observe today.

Unlike flat or stretched models, ACSTM visualizes the evolution of the universe as a coiled spiral, resembling two interconnected snail shells. These spirals are not separate but continuously transition into each other, with black holes forming the apex of one shell and white holes forming the apex of the other, both linked through the origin loop.

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2. The First Cosmic Loop and Origin of Space-Time

From an unstable quantum vacuum, localized fluctuations built up energy, eventually giving rise to a closed loop of space-time. One pole of this loop exhibits negative force density (black hole), and the opposite pole exerts positive force density (white hole), keeping the net force at zero in adherence to conservation laws.

This loop began to rotate and propagate, coiling space-time in a continuously folding pattern. This initial loop not only became the seed of all cosmic fabric but also functioned as the dynamic bridge between collapse and rebirth—a recycling mechanism of universal matter and energy.

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3. Structure of the Coiled Universe

Imagine two snail shells, seamlessly intertwined without any partition between the coils. Space-time flows through these spirals, coiling tightly near the apex and widening towards the base. The repelling force between coils prevents large-scale transitions across layers, though minor leaks—manifesting as wormholes—can occur.

- Black Hole Apex: Where space-time contracts, crowding peaks, and entropy becomes maximal.

- White Hole Apex: Where built-up energy from contraction reemerges explosively, initiating expansion.

Both apices are joined through the initial cosmic loop, while the base coils continuously flow, suggesting a dynamic recycling of space-time rather than a linear beginning and end.

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4. Entropy Dynamics in ACSTM

ACSTM reframes entropy as the degree to which microscopic fluctuations fail to contribute to the macroscopic structure. The model implies a cyclic entropy pattern:

1. Birth (White Hole): Initial energy expulsion increases entropy.

2. Expansion (Outer Coils): Entropy drops as space-time organizes into a wider structure.

3. Realignment (Basal Coils): Further expansion leads to dispersion and rising entropy.

4. Contraction: Universe self-corrects, realigning into smaller coils.

5. Event Horizon: Entropy peaks due to gravitational collapse and time dilation.

6. Collapse (Black Hole): Maximum crowding; space-time flows inward to be recycled.

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5. Time Dilation and Event Horizon

As coils narrow near the apex (black hole), space-time flow slows, creating time dilation:

- A minute at the black hole’s event horizon could equal decades or centuries in outer coils.

- This explains gravitational time shifts and possible time asymmetries experienced across cosmic scales.

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6. Wormholes and Inter-Coil Leaks

Due to the repelling forces maintaining layer integrity, major movements between coils are restricted. However, micro-leaks occur where forces destabilize momentarily—these could serve as wormholes, enabling transitions across distant parts of the universe.

These wormholes emerge not through artificial tunnels but as naturally occurring pressure points between coiled segments of space-time.

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7. Mathematical Framing (Preliminary)

Though ACSTM is primarily conceptual, early mathematical approaches could involve:

- Differential Topology: Coiled manifolds as embedded substructures in higher-dimensional space.

- Tensor Calculus: Using Einstein’s field equations on coiled metrics to derive gravitational interactions.

- Entropy Functions: \( S = k \ln \Omega \) modified for dynamic spatial contraction and expansion.

- Time Dilation Equation: 

 \[

 t' = \frac{t}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{2GM}{rc^2}}}

 \]

 adapted across coiled radial gradients \( r \to r_{coil}(n) \).

- Simulation: Numerical simulations of coiled manifolds to visualize wormhole formations and entropy cycles.

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8. Philosophical and Practical Implications

- Colonization Urgency: Hawking advised migration to newer planets. ACSTM offers a rationale: as our universe nears the event horizon, white holes—and thus newly birthed planets—may become observable.

- Future Telescopic Evidence: Powerful future telescopes might visually capture emerging space-time from white holes.

- Reframing Black Holes: Not just endpoints, but cosmic recycling portals linked to a continuous, dynamic loop.

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Conclusion

Arivazhagan’s Coiled Space-Time Model (ACSTM) is an attempt to reimagine cosmic evolution as a continuum of coiled space-time, where entropy, time, and matter circulate endlessly through black holes and white holes. Though hypothetical, it provides a cohesive geometric and thermodynamic view of the universe with potential for further mathematical modeling, simulation, and perhaps, future empirical observation.

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References  

1. Hawking, S. (1988). *A Brief History of Time*. Bantam Books.  

2. Penrose, R. (2004). *The Road to Reality*. Jonathan Cape.  

3. Susskind, L. (2005). *The Black Hole War*. Little, Brown.  

4. Misner, C. W., Thorne, K. S., & Wheeler, J. A. (1973). *Gravitation*. W.H. Freeman.  

5. Carroll, S. (2010). *From Eternity to Here: The Quest for the Ultimate Theory of Time*. Dutton.  

6. Greene, B. (2004). *The Fabric of the Cosmos*. Vintage.  

7. Visser, M. (1996). *Lorentzian Wormholes: From Einstein to Hawking*. AIP Press.  

8. Wald, R. M. (1984). *General Relativity*. University of Chicago Press.  

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Disclaimer:

This model is a conceptual cosmological hypothesis developed independently by a non-physicist medical professional. It seeks to inspire interdisciplinary dialogue and fresh perspectives in theoretical physics.